Hi,
It’s definitely possible. Windows Universal Apps have APIs for Bluetooth Advertisement and you can easily read them. Not sure if Raspberry Pi has bluetooth built it, so you’ll probably need external dongle for that.
Here you can find some examples (they’re for Windows Phone, but the principle and APIs are the same):
The problem is you’ll just receive the packet, and you’ll have to do everything by yourself (decoding the bytes and what means what).
There were also some discussion and code samples in this thread: Windows Universal App Support