Just a side-note: generally speaking, it totally is possible. For example, our Location Beacons with UWB do have an experimental “mode” where they can scan for other beacons nearby, and report that over mesh to a central gateway, for asset tracking purposes. The show-stopper here is the battery—listening over Bluetooth is orders of magnitude more energy-hungry than advertising. So for example, with this experimental asset tracking tech, you might only want to run it once a few hours, for a minute or so.
In your case though, it’s probably much more practical to have the wheelchair device be the scanner rather than the beacons, like @pober suggested, since you you can put a bigger, rechargeable battery on the wheelchair.